Dr. MacDonald has focused his professional practice in psychiatry, but has also received training in both Psychiatry and Family Practice and has considerable training in brain-based medication treatment (psychopharmacology), general medical issues, and psychotherapy. In the mental health field, he has particular experience in addiction, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and ADD/ADHD. He has participated as an investigator in dozens of clinical research trials in adult ADHD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and anxiety, and is actively involved in teaching student doctors and other community professionals on these subjects. He has years of experience treating patients with ketamine, and is uniquely qualified for this particular treatment, given his board certification in psychiatry and addiction medicine, years of psychotherapy training and medication management experience. Moreover, Dr. MacDonald graduated from a combined family medicine-psychiatry program, and therefore has unique training in medical issues like chronic pain. Dr. MacDonald is the medical director of an addiction treatment program, and is very aware of the risks of medication overuse and addiction.